What I have finally found is support for determining how to test if a project is on the right track for users. My class spent a significant amount of time learning about task analysis and prototyping, but our readings amounted to details of each tool or process we could use. What I have wanted ever since is a chart or map to tell me which one I should use at what point in the development process and what information I can expect to gain from each, and now I have finally found exactly what I want!
Adaptive Path's blog had a post that linked to a writeup on user experience research methods which gives great descriptions about the categories of methods and when to use each. Most importantly though, there are charts!



I have posted the charts in the order they are described in the referenced document, but now that I have read through the explanations, I will probably use them in a different order. Of course each can be used individually, but in most cases I see my self starting with the second one to find a method to answer a question. I imagine I will then reference the first to see what tools we are already using in those categories or get ideas for new methods. I imagine the third chart would be most useful for planning out user testing that will be done for a project. This way we can gather important input at key points in the process as well as plan for them upfront.
I can't say that the user input we get at work will drastically increase, but at least now we have tools to be prepared and back up the need with what information we can gain and how the company will benefit from it. Here's to displaying information in an easy way to digest!